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Luxor is one of the 27 governorates of Egypt and is characterized by the intensive production of cereal crops, fruits and vegetables, and industrial crops (e.g. sugarcane). Luxor is one of the poorest regions in the country, with 45.8% of households living below the national poverty line. The region is also highly vulnerable to climate change, as it is characterized by hot and dry weather, low agricultural productivity, and limited water resources. The region is expected to experience higher temperatures and more extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods. These changes are likely to have a significant impact on food security in the area, as they will reduce crop yields and make it more difficult to grow crops.
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Socio-economic issues
This DS is one of the most important agricultural areas in Egypt, with a total cultivated area of 460 km2 and 61% of the local population working in agriculture. Moreover, this DS is characterized by fragmented land, which leads to low profitability and contributes to the migration of local communities. In addition, several trade-offs exist among competing industries around the Nile’s water resources. Traditional farming methods are still prevalent in the governorate, with many farmers relying on irrigation techniques such as flood irrigation, or using the Nile's water through open canals and channels. These practices increase the energy costs for farmers, while they limit drinking water supplies and the Nile navigation industry. This situation will be further aggravated due to climate change, and the extension of agricultural land into the desert.
WEFE resource status
The overuse of limited water resources and high energy costs are the main threats for local farmers. In addition, Upper Egypt is already facing the problem of the salinization of agricultural land. Climate change is expected to make this problem worse, as it will lead to more frequent droughts and less rainfall. This will make it more difficult to flush out salts from the soil, which can make land unusable for agriculture, thus promoting the already increasing migration phenomenon. Finally, the promotion of agroecological practices in the area is relatively limited: apart from traditional industrial crops (e.g. sugarcane) the majority of the products have poor value chains which cannot guarantee farmers a minimum income.
WEFE Nexus-based adaptation solutions
Egypt has recently implemented a “farmer” map aiming to trace the agricultural practices of farmers, and supply them with the necessary inputs (e.g. fertilizers). Building on existing projects (NATAE & SupMed) and aiming for the promotion of agroecological practices via Living-Labs in the DS, we seek to condition such support towards inputs with the adoption of agroecological practices by farmers (soil levelling, long rotation, reduced soil tillage, etc.). This conditionality will result in the implementation of a charter (farmer contract) on a purely demonstrative basis. This experience will reflect the desire of several public and private initiatives to prove that agroecological practices better meet the food needs of local populations, reduce energy use and conserve water and soil resources. The implementation of the farmer contract charter and living labs will not only serve as a demonstrative model, but also create a platform for innovative business collaborations, by allowing farmers to access markets with higher-quality and sustainable products, thereby enhancing their income and economic prospects.
